Effects of probiotics on respiratory virus infections.
The H1N1 flu, commonly known as swine flu, is primarily caused by the H1N1 strain of the flu (influenza) virus. H1N1 is a type of influenza A virus, and H1N1 is one of several flu virus strains that can cause the seasonal flu. Symptoms of H1N1 flu shows up within 1-3days after infection, which include fever, runny nose, sore throat, cough, congestion, headache, sneezing, fatigue, nose stuffiness, watery, red eyes, diarrhea, body aches, shortness of breath, and so on .
It first emerged in the United States in April of 2009 and caused flu pandemic, resulting in nearly half million people died worldwide during the first year the virus circulated. And H1N1 virus has continued to circulate worldwide annually since it emerged in 2009. According to weekly China influenza surveillance report, global influenza activity has declined since its peak in late 2022, while H1N1 flu is becoming the dominant type of influenza in China, accounting for nearly 87% of reported cases.
Although influenza virus infection is self-limiting in most cases, it is dangerous to high-risk groups, including children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Therefore, strengthening immune system is an efficient way to prevent influenza virus infection.
Several studies have indicated that probiotics have positive effects on H1N1 flu infection. According to Jeon’s study, oral administration of yogurt containing probiotics caused an increase in the survival rate, body weight, and IFN-γ, IgG1, and IL-10 levels against viral infection and a decrease in the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in H1N1-infected mice. In addition, Lei’s team found that the supplementation of influenza vaccines with probiotics or prebiotics before vaccination increased the immunogenicity to specific influenza viral strains, including the H1N1, H3N2, and B strains.
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References:
Weekly China influenza surveillance report
Lei WT, Shih PC, Liu SJ, Lin CY, Yeh TL. Effect of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2017;9(11):1175. Published 2017 Oct 27. doi:10.3390/nu9111175
Ha-Young Jeon, Kyeong-Soon Kim, Sokho Kim,Effects of yogurt containing probiotics on respiratory virus infections: Influenza H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2,Journal of Dairy Science,Volume 106, Issue 3,2023,Pages 1549-1561